10 STEPS TO
ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY

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Grid-Tie nightmares - why using inexpensive inverters is actually safer


"...I didn't believe that the system the WindGenZen folks suggested for about 1/4th the price would compete with what I already had. I bought the best for my family and it worked pretty well. I have a hybrid Solar PV and Wind System with all the controllers and bells and Whistles.

After installing it I found the generators to be extremely tough and the airfoil was outperforming my expensive rig on a 12 to 1 cost per amp savings, which completely blew my mind. My wife is a Physicist and Teacher, and our son is pretty keen about making the smaller props.

Now when I have wind I always run the WindGenZen system and only run my other rig when winds are light and I am trying to get some additional power."

...Capt. Stephen Stromphillips - Alternative Energy Engineer and 500 TON Captain, Family of 3.


I received the following email asking for A 10 Step Plan to becoming energy self-sufficient. And I thought that perhaps this will encourage others to take it one step at a time and make the move gradually. Unless you have a large bankroll to be spent, that is the best way. You get to learn before spending an arm and a leg and while learning, your plans and budget may change so that the final system you end up with is more refined and cost-effective than if you had just spent $50,000.00 before knowing what you were doing.

After the letter, I'll go into the steps:

The posters on the AWH site seems to be comprised of very technical people who are probably competent in their fields but they sure do NOTHING to encourage others to jump into the alternative energy bandwagon. The most often heard cmment seems to be YOU CANT DO...something or another.

In your opinion - what should be the first step for a 22 acre hobby ranch to take? A wind gen with controller to run the electric meter backwards?

Then what about adding a battery bank and inverter capable of furnishing power to the house where you just unplugged everything but essentials and even then alternated between the freezer and refrigerator to keep their temps proper without opening doors etc.

Maybe the battery bank might be used only when the grid goes completely down by switching off the grid and having the windgen feed the battery bank. As an intermediate step, a fossil fuel generator could kick in until the battery bank filled up from the gen- or the gen could charge some of the batteries while it fed the refer and freezer etc and then get switched off itself.

Couldn't a few of you come up with 'Ten Steps to self efficiency' that gave the rest of us a starting point so we could start going from A to B to C etc without trying to figure out all the good info in all the bashing posts? There are a lot of members just reading the b...h notes and saying 'WHAT????'

Not even the manufacturers like Mike and Andy do much to encourage the interested member in getting started. Sure,most of us way overuse electric power, but, we can learn to use one outlet at a time when push comes to shove.

Personally I need to keep a refrigerator cold, a freezer frozen, an oxygen concentrator running for my Mom & maybe a few lights.

I can get entertained with a transistor radio that will recharge from a solar cell so I can be pretty economical when I need to be.

The BIG question is where should most people start in the learning process? My average wind speed is about 6 but many days we have 13-20 steady speeds.


Now, let's review the letter and then the 10 steps:

First, the forum at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/awea-wind-home are made up of wind generator manufacturers, general contractors and alternative energy installers, end-users, alternative energy and home power magazine editors and folks with a little machine shop in their garage who love doing fancy things to motor/generators; it is a wide spectrum of people who visit and often the home-builders get into some hot debates with the General Contractors who want to do everything by the book (and charge appropriately).

As a result, there is a lot of finger wagging at the forum for do-it-yourselfers who want to try new things that could, according to the contractors, burn the neighborhood to the ground. The way to avoid that is to make sure your wiring is to code, your gen furls in storms and your mast can take a hurricane or at least a good 100mph storm. Make sure your batteries are in good shape and your grid-tie or inverter is sized correctly. In other words, you can skimp on making blades out of wood and save a lot and skimp on items such as thick copper cable/wire and have a disaster. We suggest as part of your education, you clearly identify in your mind which components you can get surplus and which ones should be new.

That education is step one (below) and should be done before you spend a dime. And if you think that education starts with a magazine, be very careful!

There's an editor for a well known 'Alternative Energy' magazine,


...Home Power Magazine...

who can be a nice guy, knows a lot about solar and wind power and even teaches classes with the otherpower folks... HomePower now offers a link to our free classes.

Great....and we'll go one better - subscribe to Home Power and we'll give them the blade carving class on CD to copy for subscribers and they can send it to you - FREE - a $29.95 value which pays for your subscription cost.

Eduhosting wants you to learn that you can unplug today
at a price you can afford - today.

If their editor Ian wanted to boost his subscription rates and give you folks a great CD, here's a way for everyone to win. Someday I am going to introduce Ian to old Jerry, the NASA Physicist who taught me this stuff and teach Ian how easy it is to carve his own airfoils. I did one tonight and she's gorgeous...the wood I picked out for this one delivered what I had hoped for in that grain.

You can learn this and spend 1/20th of the cost of solar PV, put up some wind power, save a bundle and then go buy solar panels with those savings without paying out of pocket.

Yes, you can unplug from the grid for about $1000.00 and a bit of elbow grease.

Next, the letter above suggests the first step having to do with a grid-tie and running a meter backwards. Actually in my mind that is the last step, but for some folks, just getting some revenue out of a small system is a primary goal. I don't think that is an early game move.

To run a meter backwards would be to have a large system in place capable of providing all of your electricity with power to spare to feed back into the grid. Since our method suggests you go in stages and start small until you are educated and very familiar with all aspects of your rig, I will put the grid-tie issue towards the end of the steps below; after everything else is in place.

Next, the letter suggests an inverter that provides enough power for 'essentials' and I think that hit the nail right on the head. If you have good wind, that would be the first thing I would do - take the freezer and other constant draw appliances off the grid and let them consume your wind power from your first rig. You will need a battery charger that feeds your batteries when winds are light so those appliances stay lit; you don't want your freezer to thaw with 500 lbs of meat in it. And if your winds are good, that grid-tied battery charger won't do very much work. There are even inexpensive ($50-$100) desulfators you can get at places like Target now that charge batteries and can prolong their life.

Next the letter discusses a backup fossil fuel powered gen and if you are planning on completely unplugging from the grid, that would be a wise thing to get early in your game plan; when winds are light you either manually turn it on or many of them will come on automatically if power fails. If you are on inverters and batteries get weak and the inverter shuts down, your gas gen could come on and charge up your system and shut down when batteries were fully charged.

If you are planning on completely unplugging, that would be a piece of equipment you'd want to get, but the cost, at $5000.00 - $15,000.00 for a good, professional diesel gen would tend to push this down the list a bit; don't unplug until you get everything else squared away and then, just before you do, get the gas/diesel powered gen.

The letter discusses medical equipment, so that means not only is a backup fossil fuel gen darn near required, but the size of the battery storage system and number of wind gens needs to be large enough to sustain power during windless days, even if the fossil fuel gen doesn't want to start.

Finally, the letter suggests what I believe is true; most people, if they could unplug from the grid, would make adjustments in their life and conserve, whether it was a solar powered radio instead of a 5000 watt entertainment center, or simply shutting off lights when you leave a room or getting automatic dimmers for that sort of work.

The one thing the letter does not mention is the big roadblock to becoming self-sufficient - government. Due to permit headaches and installation regulations, home built systems are difficult to install in many regions. I believe that will only change with public pressure.

And so, the first step is simple: make sure you are allowed to use a home-made wind gen, battery bank, inverters and a subpanel dedicated to your alternative energy system, that can feed an isolated circuit of outlets and lights, freezers and water pumps in your home.

If you can't get that past city hall, then you are faced with three choices:

  1. Do it anyway and face the fines.

  2. Pressure your local politicians into trial programs or allowing a variance.

  3. Plan on spending 2-20 times as much and getting a system with all the bells and whistles that meets your local and national code.

While this page concerns home-built systems, for folks with cash and not much time to spend, here is the quickie, five step plan recommended by a professional installer and even we have to admit, it is a lot easier if you can afford it or it is required:

  1. Call me in for a site consultation.

  2. You get my quote and report, ask questions, and we agree on the price.

    Visit LeBoise.Com

  3. I do it.

  4. You pay me.

  5. We exchange christmas cards because it does just what I said it would do.

DJ LeBoise - LeBoise.Com

And for those who want to apply elbow grease, save a bundle and get your plans and permits to create and maintain your own system, read on. We suggest you do the research to find out which method is best for you, your region and budget.

As a retired law clerk, I am always for public action, assembly, cameras at Board meetings, public access TV to broadcast the decisions politicians made and putting so much heat on political offices their toilets boil - literally. Nothing is finer than to see a large group of citizens educate a political body with facts and not some blind dogma from some 'expert agency' and then one educated, to see the politicians make sweeping changes that benefit the citizens they serve.

If you want a first step in almost any new venture that is under the watchful eye of government, get organized; make flyers, hold private meetings, develop a strategy and make sure everyone goes to those meetings and is heard and bring a video camera and make sure the tape makes it to public broadcast so everyone in the region can see how the politicians voted. That to me, is the first step.

Organize your community.

Here are the 10 steps in order. That order may vary, depending on your political climate and how many of the do-it-yourself tasks you farm out to 'experts';

  1. If your political scene prohibits home-built gens or using inverters to drive a freezer, you are going to have to get your neighbors together and educate them en-masse on the benefits of wind power. Or you are going to have to install an illegal operation, which may cost you more than just paying for the power.

    If your political climate is favorable and you can get permits for home built wind power, then you are in luck; you can spend your money on a 1000-2500 watt generator and a good 3000 watt inverter, 500-100 ah of batteries and make your airfoils yourself. That saves you a ton of money and even the rebates and reward programs of government don't offer a cheaper way to start.

  2. Once you have collected your gear (battery, inverter, cable and gen), you need to either learn how to make airfoils or buy them already done. If you are going to make them start small. High Piggot's site has classes, as does the www.windgenzen.com website - lots of them there.

    I suggest you start with a cheap 4 foot doug fir blade. It is easy to make and will give you the skills to make larger airfoils out of better wood. Once you can make a nice 4, a good 5 and a very nice 6, you can try your hand at the 7s, 10s and 12 foot diameter airfoils and your blades will look good, run right, be balanced and be quiet. If you jump right in with larger blades, you are almost sure to mess one of those key aspects up and that can be a disaster; large unbalanced blades can kill and at best, will never make the power of a good airfoil you knew how to make.

  3. If you are going to buy your blades already done, you can start bigger sooner. Consider a 7 or 10 foot airfoil and a 1500-3000 watt gen.

  4. Once you have your first gen working, whether it is a 4 foot blade or a 10 foot blade, you will have learned how to connect a wind generator to the battery bank and inverter, and how to dedicate a circuit to drive those 24/7 appliances.

    You will have learned the basics without spending an arm and a leg for the education.

    You will have also learned how much power your region/site can actually make with that gen, without spending $20,000.00 - $50,000.00 for a gen that sits idle most of the time.

  5. Now it's time to plan for bigger and better things. Your first gen works, you got the kinks and bugs out of your system, hopefully the building and planning guys approved your wiring and it's time to erect a 2nd tower or put a larger blade on the first one.

  6. Once you have a 2nd tower up, it is time to add a few more batteries or another inverter and add a circuit to your subpanel that can drive a few more appliances, lights and outlets.

  7. Once you have a 2nd gen up you are well on your way to becoming self-sufficient. If you have good wind and you are flying 10 or 12 foot diameter airfoils, in fact you are probably more than half-way home.

    If you live in a place like Hawaii with great wind, you are darn near done. Two large 10 foot generators and a steady supply of wind power can easily take a family that conserves off the grid for most, if not all of the year. Trade winds are a beautiful thing indeed.

  8. If you have to add another gen or two, you have the skills to do it and if you bought your airfoils, perhaps now is a good time to learn to carve your own. I know many of you don't want to do this, but it really is easy (taken in small steps) to make a great blade and it sure cuts the overall price of each gen down considerably. It also means if for any reason you need a new airfoil, you can make one for less than $50.00 for great hardwood or less than $20.00 for good old douglas fir, which can make a very light, fast, powerful blade.

  9. If you have enough power to drive 24/7 appliances like a freezer, and enough for much of your night-time activities, such as a reading light, and a microwave, as you expand our electric generating capabilities, you will want to also expand your water heating capability. Simple black copper pipe on sheet metal in an insulated frame will do it and this will eliminate any natural gas feed you had for heat, or any bills for electric water heating. While many people want to heat water with electricity, and if it is cold/snowy where you live you may have to do that, for most folks a black pipe system is the best and cheapest way to go.

  10. Got enough power to cover all your needs? Got hot water too? And during the windless days, does your fossil fuel generator cover you or have you installed solar PV panels so that you have power 365 days a year? If so, you have two options:

    1. Unplug and enjoy it or

    2. Get a grid tie and sell it back to the utility company.

    Option 2 requires a substantial investment into a piece of gear that can and does fry. I have seen many expensive grid-ties cook when there was a surge in the system or some home owner was tinkering and arced a wire and took out a $3000.00 piece of gear. Personally, if I had all the power I could use and wanted to sell the excess, I would install a dedicated system for that and never let it have anything to do with my home. When I needed power I'd charge my batteries from the grid, from a fossil fuel gen or from solar PV panels.

    Want to sell power? Fine...develop a circuit that does that job and leaves your home pretty much out of that equation.

    If your home goes a full year on your system and your utility expense is a flat-zero, it's time to consider going offline permanently. This means you should have that backup gas/diesel gen and if you have the money, a few extra solar PV panels and batteries, a spare inverter, brushes for the gen and parts for the towers and mounts; in short, you want to regroup and get the maintenance issues of your system all squared away before unplugging and finding out one gen was worn out and you didn't make it a month before having to rely on your gas fired generator.

    Make sure your system is absolutely bullet-proof, works 24/7/365 days a year and you understand every component. If you built it yourself, you will and that, in my mind, makes it 100% safer than anything else you could possibly buy.

  11. Got the spare parts and plenty of power? You might want to upgrade the controller or spend some money getting more energy efficient lights and appliances. This will give you even more power to burn for garage tools and that 'spa' you always wanted to install, but were afraid due to the high costs of running a pool pump motor. As your system evolves and meets your consumption you will find out how much conservation you need to do so you can enjoy using some of that spare power in other places. For some it means more table saw time. For others it means another faster, more powerful computer or larger entertainment center.

These are the 10 steps I would take, one at a time, to becoming energy self-sufficient. Along the way you learned a lot about the gear without breaking the bank, you learned to install safe wiring and circuits that didn't burn the house down and they won't if you don't cheat and use the right guage wiring. And you learned just how much power each generator can make all year long, and if you learned to make airfoils, you learned how to do it cheaper than anyone.

And with that knowledge, your payback period for each new gen/component is only a year or two instead of 5-10 or 20 years as most systems require. That means you learned to produce electricity for less cost than a multi-million dollar mega-watt tower; you learned a lot. Hopefully your local politicians learned something along the way too.

This means you have an opportunity to educate your neighbors and community with your photos and stats and that is the last step...bring more people into alternative energy, show them it is affordable and safe and practical, that wind generators won't burn a place down or fall on a roof if set up correctly and that anyone, even folks with tiny budgets, can do this if they are simply willing to supply some elbow grease.

And for those of you who noticed there are 11 steps in this list, need I remind you of the old saying '...the best laid plans of mice and men...'